Lean Accounting Essay - 1508 Words

Essay Question 1 What are the main benefits and challenges of implementing a lean accounting system in a lean manufacturing environment? Do you anticipate interest in lean accounting will grow, the methods will change, or the concepts will fade out and be replaced with another ‘flavor of the month’? How do you perceive lean principles affecting your career? Justify your answers. I. Lean Accounting Lean accounting often refers to more simplified accounting practices that focuses on eliminating waste, reducing production lead time, and producing products on customer demand. But Lean accounting does not stand alone. It is enabled by lean thinking and lean production methods. And lean accounting not only needs lean†¦show more content†¦In addition, companies can use the available time to cross-train employees and create them more skilled. 3. Chapter 7, â€Å"Managing by Value Stream†, Practical Lean Accounting. 4. SMA (2) _Lean Accounting, Decision Making, P23. III. Challenges of Implementing a Lean Accounting System in a Lean Manufacturing Environment Although there are more benefits from the implementation of lean accounting, the challenges do exist. There are always two sides to a thing. And we can’t avoid some challenges during the implementation process. 1. Senior Management Initiative This is the most critical part when implementing lean accounting in a lean manufacturing environment. Lean implementation across the company will not be successful if senior management is not fully committed. The same situation in Who’s Counting?, the company won’t achieve anything if the executives are not fully supportive. And there will be conflicts between different departments, because they are not on the same boat. 2. Short-term Profitability Companies may find out that there is no short-term financial improvement after implementing lean. And this causes comments such as: â€Å"We see wonderful results in operations, but they don’t show up in the financial statements. If lean is so great, why doesn’t it hit the bottom line?†5 So lean accounting faces with theShow MoreRelatedLean Accounting1428 Words   |  6 Pagestraditional accounting practices that the Topeka plant adopted in 1979 to support its mass production process have value in a lean environment? Explain the specific reasons that support your answer. In general, we do not think that traditional accounting practices that Topeka plant adopted in 1979 to support its mass production would fit into the lean accounting environment. The differences between the two accounting methods make the traditional accounting hard to work for the lean environment.Read MoreThe Objects of Lean Accounting1753 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Lean accounting was originally developed by Henry Ford in the early 1900’s. The main reason behind its development was to simplify the accounting process and remove excess waste that was involved. Henry Ford realized that lean thinking was needed not only for manufacturing goods but was also necessary in the financial and accounting departments of the company. There are two main objectives that lean accounting has: 1) To eliminate waste in manufacturing and accounting while freeingRead MoreIntroduction:. According To Brian Maskell, ‘Lean Accounting1243 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction: According to Brian Maskell, ‘Lean Accounting is general term used for the changes required to company’s accounting, control measurement, and management processes to support lean manufacturing and lean thinking.’ Lean accounting is used as business strategy for Lean Enterprise. In future, the traditional accounting methods used by most of the companies will not be compatible with the Lean changes that companies making today. Lean Manufacturing focuses on eliminating non-value addedRead MoreCost Accounting and the Lean Production Philosophy1221 Words   |  5 PagesCost accounting and the lean production philosophy By Tyrone Williams AIU Online September1, 2012 Abstract As Dr. Stephanie White prepares to cope with the a steep reduction in the budgetary allocation to the Uptown Clinic she must carefully determine which areas to cut while striving to maintain current levels of service. This essay will offer advice Dr. White on preparing for budget cuts. It will also discuss the lean production philosophy and how this compares with typical productionRead MoreWausau Equipment Company Case Study Essay925 Words   |  4 Pageslot by introducing lean strategy. The management’s next step should be in making further Lean improvements. As we know, â€Å"SIMPA† is widely used in Lean process. â€Å"SIMPA† stands for Specify Value, Identify Value Stream, Make it Flow, Pull and Always Improving. These phases draw a big and long-term picture to lead a team logically from detecting the problems to solving the problems and make sure that the team can sustain the achievement and keep improving. In this case, the lean project was plannedRead MoreEssay on Lebanon Gasket1761 Words   |  8 PagesLebanon Gasket Company | October 24 2012 | | Creating a Lean Enterprise | CREATING A LEAN ENTERPRISE: THE CASE OF THE LEBANON GASKET COMPANY I. Summary of facts * Lebanon Gasket Company’s Topeka, Kansas Facility began operation in 1979. * The company had operated in using mass production. * In January of 2004 LGC had about 109 employees. * The LGC Topeka plant relies on two main manufacturing processes – injection molding and extrusionRead MoreSwot Analysis : Lean Manufacturing1892 Words   |  8 Pagescorrectly, lean manufacturing also known as lean thinking creates an atmosphere where competitive advantages and success is attainable. Due to the successful nature of this strategy, organizations other than manufacturing, have implemented lean thinking with a favorable outcome. Discussed below is the establishment of lean thinking, the steps of 5S, which is the tool utilized to lay the groundwork of lean thinking, and distinct differences between traditional cost accounting practices and lean accountingRead MoreExecutive Summary for Accounting622 Words   |  3 Pagesmanagement and lean accounting at Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company. Value stream management and lean accounting are designed to support lean manufacturing where value is defined from the customers perspective, work is organized by value s tream, supply flow is defined in terms of demand pull, and employees are empowered and focused on quality and continuous improvement. Rather than organizing by functional departments (i.e., the traditional approach associated with responsibility accounting), a companyRead MoreDescribe the Difference in Managerial Accounting vs. Cost Accounting1479 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe how managerial accounting is different from cost accounting. Cost accounting is the process of tracking, recording and analyzing costs associated with a company’s product or project. Internal managers are the ones who normally use cost accounting information. Direct Costs, Indirect Costs and Overhead/Absorbed Costs are usually what are measured in Cost Accounting. This information is then used by managers when decisions are made dealing with company costs and how to improve the profitRead MoreLean Vs. Lean Manufacturing Industry1049 Words   |  5 Pages Lean accountings primary use is in the manufacturing industry. A lean manufacturing company in which lean accounting is used looks to attack wastes in all forms. This in turn reduces the cost of goods sold. Lean accounting instead uses value stream costing. â€Å"Lean accounting experts believe that accounting itself can be lean, which can contribute to profit rather than just calculating it. Cost do not exist to be calculated. Costs exist to be reduced† (Taiichi Ohno). Lean accounting accentuates

My Business Quality Management Degree Program - 1433 Words

My Business Quality Management degree program has prepared me for the business world and enabled me to not just understand business processes from quality perspectives but also improve those for driving organizational change through quality improvement. The Southwestern core curriculum has prepared me to advance in my career options. My degree has helped me develop business management skills as well as improved my ability to offer ideas and insight into best practices. With my degree, I have the skills to utilize information to improve the quality of products and services and evaluate customer satisfaction based on the consistent delivery of top quality products and services that are completed on time, and meet specific customer defined levels of quality. Utilizing my education experience combined with my personal experience, I am able to use appropriate business concepts and generally accepted quality management theories and practices like Lean, Six Sigma, Total Quality Management, Baldrige and Benchmarking techniques to aid business decision making. Research Most careers associated with the Business Quality Management degree require critical thinking, communication, and ethical reasoning as a basic skill set. My degree program has deepened my understanding of business principles and applying critical thinking to decision-making. During the first few months of joining a company, my focus would be on analyzing reasoning in everyday work situations to gain anShow MoreRelatedThe Experience Of Frequent Relocations And Life Changes During My Formative Years965 Words   |  4 Pageslife changes during my formative years have molded me into a highly determined individual who sees the world from various perspectives and thinks out of the box. Throughout my childhood, there was always a quiet sense of not only excitement about restarting somewhere new, but also anticipation of how things would be different. Which side is the â€Å"right† side of the road? Metric system or British system? 110 Volt plug or 220 Volt plug? These thoughts that seem to be miniscule opened my young mind in acceptingRead MoreSuccess of a company mainly depends on how effectively a manager can integrate the overall business700 Words   |  3 Pagesintegrate the overall business function, where integrative management, responsiveness, globalization and financial sophistication acting as driving forces for the emergency of supply chain logic. As a Business graduate, I always look forward to studying such program which can purify my Knowledge and skills in my areas of interest. I would like to express my interest in applying for the Masters in Supply Management program at LUT. My bachelor’s degree is directly related to this program and this providesRead MoreSample Resume : Business Administration1067 Words   |  5 Pagesobtaining a bachelor degree in business administration. This project is focus in helping accounting students to recognize what is best if pursue a master’s degree in business administration immediately after the undergraduate degree or after gaining some years of jobs experience. It is going to compare the different graduate programs related with the accounting field, specially the master in business administration with focus in accounting and the master in accountancy degree. This project shouldRead More Choosing a Career Path1086 Words   |  5 Pagesa doubt in my mind that I wasn’t going to college. But the question as to what career path do I want to pursue was always the hard part. When declaring my major, I had no idea that Michigan State had so many different options. My original major was pre-law, and then it was general management, now I’m leaning towards construction management. I watched â€Å"A Family That Preys† by Tyler Perry, and one of the characters was a construction manager. Like a child, watching this movie persuaded my decision toRead MoreApplication Letter For Mba Degree Program1243 Words   |  5 Pages My purpose of writing this letter is to request you to grant me a study permit to purs ue my further studies in MBA degree program with three months MBA foundation course in University Canada West, Vancouver, British Columbia. As far as my profile is concerned, I accomplished my first milestone of school (school leaving certificate) from New Horizon Higher Secondary School achieving 75.75% and joined Science stream in New Horizon College Butwal, Nepal and secured 52% aggregateRead Moreâ€Å"One-Degree-More† At 99 °C, water is hot, very hot! At 100 °C water initiates to boil and changes to900 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"One-Degree-More† At 99 °C, water is hot, very hot! At 100 °C water initiates to boil and changes to steam. Steam is potent enough to transport a trainload of folks. Think about it, just one degree more and hot water becomes powerful enough to move a locomotive. Whenever I have felt I`ve done my bit or felt like giving up, I have pushed myself for just one more degree and the difference is magical. This, I believe is one of the greatest reasons for my success till date. I am Vikas V Patil, Co-FounderRead MoreI Am a Perfect Candidate for the MBA Program at MSU749 Words à ‚  |  3 PagesOne of the proudest accomplishments of my life was earning my Master’s degree in International Business from India. As soon as I completed my Master’s I got the golden opportunity to work in one of India’s largest asset management company, Reliance Capital Asset Management Pvt. Ltd. in the year of 2010. I joined Reliance as a management trainee and was really excited for my new job. It was a perfect opportunity for me to prove myself and make my parents proud. That proud moment arrived really soonRead MoreCareer Pl Procurement And Supply Chain Management1450 Words   |  6 PagesCareer Plan: Procurement and Supply Chain management My major in the course is chain supply management. I plan to use the education gained in supply chain management to build my career in procurement to develop my skills and improve the procurement process. In my post bachelorette degree, I intend to take professional trainings in procurement, gain more experience and build more expertise in procurement. This is aimed at helping organizations simplify the procurement function and make it effectiveRead MoreStatement of Purpose1293 Words   |  6 Pagesone of my most distinguishing characteristics is the diversity of experiences I possess. I am an engineering graduate with a flair for management. I also have a passion for traveling and exploring different cultures of the world. All these elements have helped me develop a very broad outlook, with varying degrees of knowledge in a range of topics. As a freshman at the undergraduate level, I chose my major in Electrical Electronics Engineering to ensure a sound technological base. It was in my thirdRead MoreWhy I Am An Engineer926 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasing need for professionals with data management knowledge, analytical capability and problem-solving skills. I, Bhaskar Nayak am an Engineer in Information Science from Sapthagiri College of Engineering, a reputed institution under Visvesvaraya Technological University. I am applying for the admission to Master’s program in Business Intelligence and Analytics. The goal to pursue a career in the field of business has always been part of my plans since my early teen years. I believe that the interest

When a Crime is Committed Free Essays

My priorities for this investigation are to determine if a crime has been committed, and what crime has been committed, how many perpetrators there are, who are the next possible victims and where to locate them so they can receive police protection, who is or are responsible for the attacks, find evidence to prove the perpetrators guilty, and to present the proof to the prosecutor in the best manner to make sure that the perpetrator or perpetrators gets jail time. The most time will be spent on who are the perpetrators are, but a considerable amount of time will be spent on what crimes the perpetrator or perpetrators committed due to the severity of the situation; for example, burglary is larceny if a car is involved in some places. Finding out who could be the next victims could be is the second most important thing in the investigation because I will need to manage the resources so that possible victims are safe but the investigation is not undermined due to being understaffed. We will write a custom essay sample on When a Crime is Committed or any similar topic only for you Order Now After possible suspects have been arrested and are being brought to trial presenting the information in a way that the prosecutor will vote guilty is the second most vital task except for pressing charges on them that apply to their crimes. A medical examiner will be needed to perform an autopsy on the victim that passed. I would make the perimeter around the crime scenes large so that evidence would likely be in the circle. I would also make sure that anything found at the crime scene would be covered due to the snowstorm possibly ruining evidence. I would check each crime scene for bullets to take to forensics so they can learn whether the bullets were fired from the same gun. I would check the scene for a jacket that one of the witnesses mentioned in case the perpetrator left it there while running away. Some officers would be interviewing the witnesses and victims to find the link between them and recording their statements for later use, some would be interviewing suspects, some officers would be searching for evidence and sketching the crime scene, and the other officers would be finding out what the evidence is and what information it gives. For example, certain guns use certain bullets and it can narrow down the list of the guns used in the attack. I would also get field tests so that the items can be tested before they go to the lab and waste time and resources. I would establish a command center to make sure that all the information gathered will be disseminated to the officers searching for the suspect and so they can keep track of all the evidence. I would organize it by laboratory reports, autopsy results, interviews of the victims and witnesses, updates on evidence, and news articles. Everything will be kept in a chronological order and it will be filed away for later since most cases do not go to trial immediately after a person has been charged with a crime. The first lead that I would investigate is the man claiming his roommate went out with a gun that was very angry about something because that could lead to the police identifying the perpetrator. The second lead that I would pay attention to the people mentioning the pickup truck because it was mentioned several times by the witnesses of the shootings, and it is high up on the list because it’s the only description that seems consistent amongst all of the eyewitnesses. My third lead is the John Ramsey’s description of the perpetrator because he saw the perpetrator clearly, unlike the witness that says that they did not get a clear look at the perpetrator, but eyewitness testimony is known to be incredibly unreliable. The information about the truck that’s darker in color and has a license plate that begins with M is not as high up because it is likely to be unrelated to the current case, but it is still pertinent because the perpetrator could be the same person. I would pay the second to last amount of attention to the person that called saying â€Å"I know who did it.† before hanging up; since the person’s number is a mystery and the police are having a hard time learning the number through the tools at their disposal, the call is likely to be a prank pulled by someone deliberately hiding the number through a spoofing tool. I would pay the least amount of attention to the description of the blue car because it does not seem pertinent to the current case, but the lead would still be investigated because shots were fired from that car and that person could be working with the perpetrator of the latest shootings. I would make sure to keep the victims up to date about the investigation unless it could affect the investigation. I would also try to find a link between the victims through people they know, such as drug dealers, friends, and colleagues. Once a link has been established I would inform the possible victims that there is a chance that they are in danger. The first statement would be a simple statement that acknowledges the situation, that the police are working to confirm the facts before we go public, and that I would set a time to have a press release. After we confirmed the information to be accurate, I would start off the debriefing with the facts about the situation; I would state that there are three known victims of the attacks, and that one victim has passed. I would not tell them the name of the victim because the family has not been notified yet. I would give them a description of the suspect; he is a white male in his twenties or thirties that is wearing jeans and a tee shirt and possibly a jacket. I would make sure to tell people that there are several police stations working together to make sure that the perpetrators are caught. I would make sure that there are police patrolling the area in the background and state that the police are patrolling the area I would make sure that no opinions reach the press because it can negatively affect the investigation by disseminating false information. I would see link the description of the cars together for the first three attacks and I would also check the bullets on the gun scenes to see if they were fired from the same gun. I will connect the next two scenes trucks together as well to see if any truck matches that description. I believe that there is more than one person involved with this case based off the evidence and that the two later cases are unrelated to the first three. I also believe that the roommate that went out with a gun is a suspect and I would get information about any vehicles he may own that may be linked to the crime. How to cite When a Crime is Committed, Papers

Tax or No Tax Essay Example For Students

Tax or No Tax? Essay There are many distinguishing differences among credit unions and banks. The most controversial and prominent is the differences in taxation of the two institutions. While banks are required to pay all taxes of any corporation, credit unions are except from having to pay federal and state income taxes. Most banks and associations that govern them are pushing for the federal government to require credit unions to pay full income taxes. The most common arguments in favor of credit union taxation are the unfair market that credit unions create because of tax exemption, the federal government is loosing valuable income from the tax-exempt status, and if saving and loan cooperatives should have to pay taxes then so should credit unions. The first reason banks want credit unions to be forced to pay income taxes is to create a fair market of competition between the two institutions. Keith Leggett, a senior economist with the American Bankers Association, argues that community credit unions have a competitive advantage over community banks due to their exempt status. He supports this claim by giving several examples, showing that over the last 21 years, the market share of household assets controlled by banks and savings institutions fell by more than half, from 27 percent to 12.7 percent, while credit unions actually grew in assets. He goes on to show that in some communities, credit unions are actually larger than banks and control more of the market. Leggett claims that this control and their success while banks have failed can be attributed to their exempt status. Opposing this argument, credit unions claim that they are completely different institutions than banks and should not be governed and taxed in the same manner. Credit unions claim that it is not an equal comparison when claiming that tax exemption is unfair for credit unions and not banks. Credit union are member owned cooperatives, with a volunteer board of directors, unlike banks who have their shareholders and board members interests in mind before those of their customers. Credit unions are considered not-for-profit because all profit at the end of each period are paid to the members (depositors), rather than shareholders. They also claim that they do not pose any threat to banks, considering credit unions account for less than 5% of financial assets, and the largest bank alone has assets greater than those of all 9,400 credit unions combined. These differences put credit unions in a completely different category than banks and the two cannot be compared. I agree with the credit unions view on this issue, considering their major differences between the institutions causing difficulty in judging the fairness of the rules governing them. The second major reason that the banking community believes that credit unions should be taxed is the creation a higher income for the federal and state governments. Bankers believe that the extra revenue generated by the government would benefit all citizens and would be a positive move for everyone. Leggett again argues for taxation claiming that the revenue from the income taxes Californias credit unions could exceed $10 million annually, and even more in states such as New York. While he does not give exact figures, he also points out that the federal government would also greatly benefit from income tax revenue of credit unions. While credit unions agree that taxation would give extra revenue for public works, they argue that they are already providing a public good by offering lower loan interests rates and high dividend rates on deposits, specifically assisting lower-income citizens. The Credit Union National Association (CUNA) claims that, if credit unions were subject to income taxes, customers would be required to pay higher feesand the victims of such pressures would be small loans, financial counseling, and small share draft accounts and loan rebates. They claim that credit unions would be forced to raise their fees and cause several small credit unions to close their doors to the local communities. Credit unions were chartered, and originally given this tax exempt status because of their services to society, especially to the low-income sectors. .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c , .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c .postImageUrl , .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c , .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c:hover , .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c:visited , .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c:active { border:0!important; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c:active , .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucfefe8364fec749ec653afa84bd7ca0c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Presidential Powers (1707 words) Essay While society would profit from credit unions taxation, it would cause less competition and a loss of valuable services to local and poor communities. Therefore, based on the fact that taxation would do more harm than good to a society, I must agree with the credit unions on this issue. Finally, banks argue that savings and loans, which are mutual cooperatives in the banking industry, are forced to pay income taxes, and credit unions should be forced to do the same. In a letter to the editor of the Business Review, the CEO of a former saving and loan cooperative, John Scarchilli writes In 1952, federal legislation was passed that requ ired mutual institutions savings and loans, to start paying federal income taxes. He also agrees that the industry was concerned with the legislation, but knew that it was needed, and that savings and loans still survive even though this legislation has passed. The credit union community argues this claim by pointing out that while they do not contribute income taxes to the federal and state governments, they also do not ask for any assistance from them, as savings and loans did. The Utah League of Credit Unions explains that in credit unions 100-year history, not a single taxpayer dollar has been used to bail out credit unions in financial trouble, as compared to savings and loans. Credit unions fund their own insurance fund through the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA). Credit unions justify savings and loans paying taxes because they use federal tax dollars to insure themselves, while credit unions do not. For this reason, I must agree with the credit union community on this issue of concerning credit unions tax-exempt status. The banking industry is fighting for credit unions to be required to pay income taxes based on the arguments that their tax-exempt status creates and unfair market for competition, governments are loosing valuable financial income due to the exemption, and since savings and loans have to pay taxes, so should credit unions. Credit unions argue that because they are completely different, not-for profit institutions, give special services that banks cant offer, and are not subsidized by the government, they should be exempt from these taxes. After reviewing the facts and the arguments from both sides, I agree with the credit unions. A tax on them would be a tax on credit union members and a blow to communities supported by them.

Malters Development In The Chosen Essays - The Chosen, The Promise

Malter's Development in The Chosen Reuven Malter's Development in The Chosen by Chaim Potok Malter's Development in The Chosen One of the most emotional scenes from Chaim Potok's The Chosen is when Reuven goes with Danny Saunders to talk to his father. Danny has a great mind and wants to use it to study psychology, not become a Hasidic tzaddik. The two go into Reb Saunders' study to explain to him what is going to happen, and before Danny can bring it up, his father does. Reb Saunders explains to the two friends that he already known that Reuven is going to go for his smicha and Danny, who is in line to become the next tzaddik of his people, will not. This relates to the motif of ?Individuality? and the theme of ?Danny's choice of going with the family dynasty or to what his heart leads him.? The most developing character from the novel is Reuven Malter. One of the ways that he developes in the novel is in hus understanding of friendship. His friendship with D\fanny Saunders is encouraged by his father, but he is wary of it at first because Danny is a Hasid, and regards regular Orthodox Jews as apikorsim because of the teachings of his father. Reuven goes from not being able to have a civil conversation with Danny to becoming his best friend with whom he spens all of his free time, studies Talmud and goes to college. Reuven truly grows because he leans, as his father says, what it is to be a friend. Another way that Reuven grows is that he learns to appreciate different people and their ideas. He starts out hating Hasidim because it's the ?pious? thing to do, even though his father (who I see as the Atticus Finch of this novel) keeps telling him that it's okay to disagree with ideas, but hating a person because of them is intolerable. Through his friendship with Danny, studies with Reb Saunders, brief crush on Danny's sister (who was never given a name), and time spent in the Hasidic community, he learns that Hasids are people too with their own ideas and beliefs that are as valuable as his. He learns why they think, act, speak, and dress the way that they do and comes to grips with the fact that he doesn't have a monopoly on virtue. A third way in which Reuven grows, though the book doesn't really talk about it a great deal, is in his appreciation of life, or cha'im in Hebrew. He almost loses his vision, his father nearly works himself to death, six million Jews are butchered in Europe, and Danny's brother's poor health threatens Danny's choice to not become a tzaddik. When his eye is out of order he can't read, and indeed does remark that it's very difficult to live without reading, especially with a voracious appetite for learning such as his. His father almost dies twice and he talks about how difficult it is to live all alone in silence (which is a metaphor alluding to Danny's everyday life) for the month while his father is in the hospital. He sees Reb Saunders and his father feeling the suffering of the six million dead, Saunders by crying and being silent, David Malter by working for the creation of a Jewish state and being a leader in the movement, in addition to teaching at a yeshiva and adult education classes. And of course Danny is very worried by his brother's illness (hemophillia?) because if he dies it will be even harded for Danny to turn down his tzaddikship. By the end of the book, Reuven Malter is a very changed character. Potok is an expert with using allusion and metaphor. Very subtly throughout the book he uses this for the purposes of renforcing his points, foreshadowing, and to make the book a better read when you've read it previously and know the outcome. One example of this, one that I missed the first time I read the book in 7th grade is the paragraph at the end of chapter nine where Reuven is sitting on his porch and sees a fly trapped in a spider's web with the arachnid builder approaching. He blows on the fly, first softly, and then more harshly, and the fly is free and safe from the danger of the spider. This is a metaphor to Danny being trapped in the ?filmy, almost invisible strands of the web? (165) that is a metaphor for the Hasidic clan that

Hindenburg Disaster

Hindenburg Disaster The suddenness of the disaster was shocking. At 7:25 p.m. on May 6, 1937, while the Hindenburg was attempting to land at the Lakehurst Naval Air Station in New Jersey, a flame appeared on the outer cover of the rear of the Hindenburg. Within 34 seconds, the entire airship was consumed by fire. Take-off On May 3, 1937, the captain of the Hindenburg (on this trip, Max Pruss) ordered the zeppelin out of its shed at the airship station in Frankfurt, Germany. As was usual, when all was ready, the captain shouted, Schiff hoch! (Up ship!) and the ground crew released the handling lines and gave the giant airship a push upward. This trip was the first of the 1937 season for passenger service between Europe and the United States and it wasnt as popular as the 1936 season. In 1936, the Hindenburg had completed ten successful trips (1,002 passengers) and was so popular that they had to turn away customers. On this trip, the first of the 1937 season, the airship was only half full, carrying 36 passengers despite it being equipped to carry 72. For their $400 ticket ($720 round trip), the passengers could relax in the large, luxurious common spaces and enjoy fine food.  They could play, sing, or  listen to the baby grand piano on board or just sit and write postcards. With 61 crew members on board, the passengers were well accommodated. The luxury of the Hindenburg was a marvel in air travel. Considering that passengers were not taken across the Atlantic in heavier-than-air crafts (airplanes) until 1939, the novelty as well as the luxury of traveling in the Hindenburg was astonishing. The smoothness of the ride took many of the Hindenburgs passengers by surprise. Louis Lochner, a newspaperman, described the trip: You feel as though you were carried in the arms of angels.1 There are other stories of passengers waking up after several hours aloft questioning the crew as to when the ship was to take off.2 On most trips across the Atlantic, the Hindenburg maintained an altitude of approximately 650 feet and cruised around 78 mph; however, on this trip, the Hindenburg encountered strong head winds that slowed it down, pushing back the Hindenburgs arrival time from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m. on May 6, 1937. The Storm A storm was brewing over the Lakehurst Naval Air Station (New Jersey) on the afternoon of May 6, 1937. After Captain Pruss had taken the Hindenburg over Manhattan, with a glimpse of the Statue of Liberty, the airship was nearly over Lakehurst when they received a weather report that stated winds were up to 25 knots. In a lighter-than-air ship, winds could be dangerous; thus, both Captain Pruss and Commander Charles Rosendahl, the officer in charge of the air station, agreed that the Hindenburg should wait for the weather to improve. The Hindenburg then headed southward, then northward, in a continuing circle while it waited for better weather. Family, friends, and newspapermen waited at Lakehurst for the Hindenburg to land. Most had been there since the early morning hours when the airship was first scheduled to land. At 5 p.m., Commander Rosendahl gave the order to sound Zero Hour - a loud siren beckoning the 92 navy and 139 civilian ground crew personnel from the nearby town of Lakehurst. The ground crew were to help the airship land by hanging on to mooring lines. At 6 p.m. it began to really rain and soon after began to clear. At 6:12 p.m., Commander Rosendahl informed Captain Pruss: Conditions now considered suitable for landing.3 The Hindenburg had traveled perhaps a little too far and was still not at Lakehurst at 7:10 p.m. when Commander Rosendahl sent another message: Conditions definitely improved recommend earliest possible landing.4 Arrival Not long after Commander Rosendahls last message, the  Hindenburg  appeared over Lakehurst. The  Hindenburg  made a pass over the airfield before coming in for landing. Circling over the airfield, Captain Pruss tried to slow down the  Hindenburg  and to lower its altitude. Perhaps worried about the weather, Captain Pruss made a sharp left turn as the airship approached the mooring mast. Since the  Hindenburg  was a little tail heavy, 1,320 pounds (600 kg) of ballast water was dropped (often, unwary onlookers who had ventured too close to an approaching airship would get drenched from ballast water). Since the stern was still heavy, the  Hindenburg  dropped another 1,100 pounds (500 kg) of ballast water and this time did drench some of the onlookers. At 7:21 p.m., the  Hindenburg  was still about 1,000 feet away from the mooring mast and approximately 300 feet in the air. Most of the passengers stood by the windows to watch the onlookers grow larger as the airship decreased its altitude and to wave at their family and friends. The five officers on board (two were just observers) were all in the control gondola. Other crewmen were in the tail fin to release mooring lines and to drop the rear landing wheel. A Flame At 7:25 p.m., witnesses saw a small, mushroom-shaped flame rise from the top of the tail section of the  Hindenburg, just in front of the tail fin. The crewmen in the tail of the airship said they heard a detonation which sounded like the burner on a gas stove turn on.5   Within seconds, the fire engulfed the tail and spread quickly forward.  The mid-section was completely in flames even before the tail of the  Hindenburg  hit the ground. It took only 34 seconds for the entire airship to be consumed by flames. The passengers and crew had only seconds to react. Some jumped out of the windows, some fell. Since the  Hindenburg  was still 300 feet (roughly equal to 30 stories) in the air when it caught fire, many of these passengers did not survive the fall. Other passengers got wedged inside the ship by moving furniture and fallen passengers. Other passengers and crew jumped from the ship once it neared the ground. Even others were rescued from the burning bulk after it had hit the ground. The ground crew, which had been there to assist the craft in mooring, became a rescue crew. The injured were taken to the airfields infirmary; the dead were taken to the press room, the impromptu morgue. The Radio Broadcast On the scene, radio broadcaster Herbert Morrison captured his emotion-filled, first-hand experience as he watched the  Hindenburg  burst into flames. (His radio broadcast  was taped and then played to a shocked world the following day.) Aftermath Considering the quickness of the catastrophe, it is amazing that only 35 of the 97 men and women on board, plus one member of the ground crew, died in the  Hindenburg  disaster. This tragedy - seen by so many via photographs, news-reels, and radio - effectively ended commercial passenger service in rigid,  lighter-than-air crafts. Though it was assumed at the time that the fire was caused by a hydrogen gas leak ignited by a spark of static electricity, the cause of the disaster is still controversial. Notes 1. Rick Archbold,  Hindenburg: An Illustrated History  (Toronto: Warner/Madison Press Book, 1994) 162.2. Archbold,  Hindenburg  162.3. Archbold,  Hindenburg  178.4. Archbold,  Hindenburg  178.5. Archbold,  Hindenburg  181.

Group Ariel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group Ariel - Essay Example The Group Ariel Company is recycling old equipment situated in Mexico. The management will need to apply the pesos to compute the company’s cash flows to ensure that they comprehend the manner in which the intended project will affect their finances. Additional for easy computation, the pesos should be converted into the Euros. This study analysed the NPV of the Ariel Mexico by deducting the value of manual machine from the value of the new machine (LAAN, & TEUNTER, 2000). Then the incremental cash flow will be represented as positive figures since the reduced value is equivalent to the cash flow. The next step was the deduction of the depreciation costs from the incremental sum costs. It is imperative to note that the fist initial three years of depreciation involved depreciation from the new machine and the remainder listed depreciation of the old machine. A deduction of 35% tax was done from the cash flow, and then the depreciation was added in order to signify the tax shie ld. For the company to calculate the project’s NPV in Euros, there is need to apply the future spot exchange rates. This can be done by dividing the peso NPV by the present spot exchange rate. Since the cash flows are discounted differently from 2008 up to 2011, then the rate of 8% of 2011 can be used to discount since it forms an average of the fours year period. It is imperative to note that computation of the present values of projects such as the Ariel Mexico can take two different ways which consider the variation of rate and risk attributed to the foreign currency. The significance of computing the NPV is to analyze the project managers or investors foresee great variations in the currency. In essence, the Group Ariel should discount the cash flows by using the foreign cost capital if the value of capital is valued in a rational manner (GOLLIER,

Research paper for Health Economics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

For Health Economics - Research Paper Example If the medical profession is viewed as health care service being a public or civic activity, it can capture the true purposes of the service. The ethical practices of health care is a strong debate in this field of study and incorporates both the commercial aspects as well as the social and ethical aspects of health policies, health reforms, and moral medical practice meaningfully (Jennings and Hanson). 3 Introduction Health care is a debated topic in the current decade and the discussion over today's health care system revolves around the views that consider â€Å"health care services as commodities† (Jennings and Hanson). These debates involve discussions about how reforms can be brought about in this sector. This point of view takes care of the economic objectives of the reforms in the health care system but obscures the other portion of the purposes of providing efficient health care: the morally vital attributes of the medical profession and the health care provision. If the medical profession is viewed as health care service being a public or civic activity, it can capture the true purposes of the service. ... The price of these products and their availability are specific characteristics making them similar to other normal economic commodities. Although these characteristics are advantageous for some consumers in the US that have coverage of health insurance and also for those that manufacture medicines and medical equipment, the specificity of the characteristics places other parties, such as uninsured consumers and the government, at a disadvantageous position. Racial disparities play an important role in the status of the health care system in the US and are considered as an unrelenting and disconcerting problem for the country. Health status of the average population in a country reflects the economic health of the country, and it is a serious problem since ample policy efforts have yet not been able to rectify the situation. On the contrary, African-Americans and other ethnic and racial minorities are often reported to receive less than the desired level of care. The quality of medic al attention also differs from the care received by their white skinned counterparts (Jha). This makes the situation worse. The hypothesis made in this context is that racial disparities can be eliminated and a better health care system can be established in the States. The questions studied through this research are: what causes these disparities to exist and what steps might be taken in order to do away with the gap and reduce the disproportion in the country’s health system. The study has been carried out by collecting secondary data and making qualitative analysis of the same. Secondary resources available on online and print media such as books, journals, newspapers and online articles,

Life and Work of a Famous Greek Thinker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life and Work of a Famous Greek Thinker - Essay Example Aristotle was appointed the tutor to Alexander in 343 B.C (Williams 44). For three years he remained tutor to Alexander until the Prince turned 16. Not much is known of the relationship between Aristotle and Alexander, yet Alexander’s terrific career stands to be an apt testimony to the practicality of Aristotle’s philosophy. Aristotle resided in Athens in 335 B.C. to 323 B.C. It was in these 12 years that Aristotle wrote most of his works. However, after the death of Alexander, Aristotle had to flee from Athens to avoid persecution at the hands of Athenian rebels (Williams 53). As per some credible records, Aristotle died in 322 B.C (Williams 16). It is said that Aristotle wrote three treatises on ethics. However, two of them are today attributed to his disciples and it is the third one that is Nicomachean Ethics that is known to be written by Aristotle (Broadie 4). The views pertaining to ethics professed by Aristotle in this treatise present a good insight into the m indset of the mature and educated men of his age. In this treatise Aristotle lays out the principles by which the well behaved citizens need to conduct themselves. Till the late 17th century, Aristotle’s treatise on ethics had a great influence on the politics and statecraft and continued to be source of inspiration for the future scholars and statesmen (Broadie 5). One other treatise by Aristotle called Politics is regarded to be the very source of varied principles that held a great sway till the culmination of the Middle Ages (Weber 396). This treatise is not only a source of apt information regarding the ways of government in non-Hellenic States, but stood to be a pivotal instrument of defense of democracy in the times of Aristotle (Weber 396). The assumptions embedded in Politics not only were strongly entrenched in the Athens under Pericles, but the Aristotelian concept of governance by cultured gentlemen had its reverberations in Renaissance Age, till it was modified b y French Revolution and industrialism (Weber 397). Though Aristotle’s genius greatly influenced many aspects of the Greek civic life and the statecraft in the following ages, it was in the sphere of Logic that it reached its zenith (Ackrill 79). Aristotle’s dominance in logic flourished right through the Middle Ages, till he was accorded a dominion in the area of metaphysics by the Christian philosophers in the 13th century (Ackrill 80). Though Aristotle strain of Logic is today quiet antiquated, still many Catholic theologians, scientists and mathematicians prefer to adhere to his system (Ackrill 84). Aristotle’s doctrine of syllogism is the most important contribution by Aristotle to the field of Logic (Ackrill 80). When considering the contribution of Aristotle to modern sciences, two of his other works that are Physics and On the Heavens do need to be mentioned (Judson 19). These works greatly influenced the world of science in the Greek times and their domi nation continued till the times of Galileo (Judson 19). Aristotle’s views regarding planets and stars though were immensely influenced by the Pagan beliefs of his times were actually well received and accepted by the medieval Christians. Aristotle’s philosophy had a significant impact on both the Islamic and Western philosophy (Ackrill 9). Aristotle not only studied and meticulously delved on almost every subject and discipline existing in his times, but in fact made a significant contribution to the existing

Importance of Solubility in Everyday First

Importance of Solubility in Everyday First For my science project Ill be researching the solubility of various substances. Solubility is an interesting subject because its very important for everyday life and I knew very little of it before I started my project. My experiment will give me insight on how the rate of solubility is affected by certain factors and if certain liquids struggle to mix together well. For this essay I needed to understand what solubility is, what affects the rate of solubility, where it can be found in nature, how its used every day, and how solubility works. The measure of solubility determines how substances dissolve into one another. The substance dissolving into the other is the solute and the substance being dissolved into is the solvent. When you mix salt into water the salt is the solute and the water is the solvent. Though the salt wont dissolve into the water immediately and if a large portion of salt is being dissolved into water, then there will be a portion of salt left over.Nevertheless, when salt and water do mix a new substance is formed that can have many practical uses. Solubility isnt limited to just liquids mixing with other liquids, however, solids and gases can also mix into liquids.A solution is created when the solutes molecules form intermolecular bonds with the solvents molecules as they merge. First the solutes molecules drift into the solvent and are surrounded by the solvents molecules, then the molecular bonds of the solute are broken so that intermolecular bonds can be made with the solvent. This process can be compared to dropping a clod of dirt into a puddle of water. There are numerous factors that affect solubility such as temperature, stirring, and the substances themselves. These factors can accelerate the rate of solubility or they can prevent certain substances from being soluble. Temperature is an important factor when it comes to experiments of solubility because the rate of solubility increases with temperature. Solutions are affected by temperature because it causes the molecules to speed up when hotter or slow down when colder and when molecules are moving around quickly they can merge into the other solvents molecules quickly and vice-versa. Solubility among gases, however, works better when the gases are colder because theyre more dense when cold. Stirring is also important when mixing substances for faster solubility because it has a similar affect on molecules that heat has. The oceans tides and waves stir the dirt and salt in the water, thus causing the substances to quickly mix together. Certain substances are composed in a way that negates them from being soluble with other substances. This can be caused by the density of a substance and whether the solutes and solvents molecules are polar. The density of a substance, such as oil, causes it to sink to the bottom of a cup of water rather than mix with the water because the molecules of oil are larger and heavier. The water simply sits on top of the oil and if more oil is added, then itll just pass through the water. Solids wont mix with other solids because their molecules are too dense, but solids can mix with liquids. Gases can mix with liquids too if the gass molecules are dense enough. The polar alignment of a substance also prevents it from merging with something of the opposite alignment unless one substance is both polar and non-polar, such as alcohol. Chemists use the phrase like dissolves like to describe this circumstance. Solutions can be found almost everywhere on the earth, from the oceans to the sky. Every ocean and every lake on Earth is a solution. This is because the water has mixed with dirt, salt, and various substances to become a new substance that, though still water, isnt healthy to drink. When rain touches the ground it mixes with dirt, rocks, and so on that it becomes a solution upon contact with the earth. Dirt and rocks are too dense to mix with each other, but when theyre small enough they can mix with various substances. Smoke can mix with clouds and create a solution of acid rain that can be very dangerous and carbon dioxide can create the unhealthy phenomenon of smog. Because gases diffuse, the earths atmosphere isnt a giant solution. Solubility has many practical applications in our lives such as purifying water, making drinks, and vitamin storage. Because every ocean in the world is a solution of water mixed with dirt, salt, and various substances the water isnt healthy to drink, so its purified by chemicals that remove the harmful products of the water. Almost everything we drink is a solution because its had chemicals added to it that make it taste better or make it safer to drink. This process is used on most of the food we eat and liquids we drink to prevent people from getting sick. Chemicals are added to eggs to prevent food poisoning from salmonella and to certain products to increase shelf life. When you stir sugar in a cup of coffee youre making a solution. The stirring and heat make the process of the sugar dissolving in the coffee faster and afterward you have a tastier cup of coffee. When you make coffee youre making a solution because the coffee beans are added to water and blended until they become a liquid. Blending drinks and making martinis are both ways of making solutions that taste better or worse than their individual components. Drinks can be carbonated for an interesting taste that is caused by mixing a liquid and a gas under pressure. Most vitamins can be categorized as fat-soluble, which means that the vitamins are stored in our bodies, and water-soluble, which means that the vitamins pass through our bodies and are excreted as urine. Because fat-soluble vitamins are stored in our bodies, they shouldnt be taken in large doses. The names fat-solubles and water-solubles refer to how they should be used by our bodies. I learned a lot from my essay about solubility, but I namely learned how often solubility occurs, its uses limitations, and that solutions are very practical. Solubility is all around us in nature and God implemented it so that we could be healthier and enjoy interesting tastes. Our world would be vastly different if there were no solubility, in fact no living creatures could exist.

Reviewing Sullivan?s Study of America?s Wine :: essays research papers fc

For many years, wine dictionaries and encyclopedias have unknowingly been misleading consumers on the history of â€Å"America’s wine,† Zinfandel. In Zinfandel, A History of a Grape and Its Wine, Charles Sullivan, an accomplished viticulture researcher, challenges the popular belief that the grape was originally brought to America by a Hungarian immigrant. Sullivan explores the history of wine to bring forth intriguing facts that prove the popular belief to be wrong. With the help of University of California’s (UC’s) Carole Meredith, a new idea is thoroughly explained describing the true ancestry of Zinfandel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For those not familiar with the wine it is important to note that Zinfandel, according to Sullivan, was the first and most successful American wine. Typically, wines from France and Italy prove to be more superior in taste than the American counterparts. However, with Zinfandel this is not the case. Unlike aged and dry wines, the young, fruity flavor of the Zinfandel makes for a more enjoyable flavor that appeals to a greater number of people’s tastes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sullivan does an excellent job keeping the book enjoyable by providing readers with intriguing side notes. For example, here he tries to illustrate the extreme passion that the Californians had for Zinfandel. â€Å"So great was the Napa passion for this grape that one of the tiny railroad stations below St. Helena was renamed â€Å"Zinfandel.† By the 1880s Zinfandel Lane crossed the valley, and the steamer Zinfandel plied the bay waters between San Francisco and the wharves of Napa City.† (Sullivan, 2003) This passage is a perfect example of why this book was enjoyable for me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, there are times during the book where Sullivan becomes longwinded when it comes to explaining certain points. Long paragraphs embedded with, at times, insignificant graphics and charts make the book a hard and slow read. Yet, my curiosity and desire to learn helped me overcome the craving to close the book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The desire I did have to close the book may have been attributed to the amount of â€Å"wine lingo† found within the text. The excessive amount of references to other wine varieties made it extremely tiresome, as I had to repeatedly look up in dictionaries and encyclopedias the characteristics of a certain wine he was describing. I believe that a person more educated in the subject of wine would enjoy this book more than an uneducated person like me. If a reader is not familiar with wine, the book can be quite discouraging at times.

Amerindian Legacies in the Caribbean

Topic: â€Å"The Amerindians have left a legacy that forms part of the Caribbean Civilization. † Discuss. The Amerindians have left a legacy that forms part of the Caribbean Civilization. The Amerindians were two groups of people having completely different personalities. One group was the Arawaks or Taino which occupied the Greater Antilles and the other was the Caribs or Kalinago which occupied the Lesser Antilles. The Arawaks were a very peaceful group of people; slim and short, but firmly built. The Caribs on the other hand were very aggressive people and were taller and had a bigger built han the Arawaks.The Caribs were also cannibals and some people assume that is why they were bigger than the Arawaks. Despite their differences in personalities, they had a similar way of living. They were both excellent fishermen, craftsmen, farmers, handymen and doctors. Since they were naturalists and believed in the environment, they made use of the natural resources they had in order to survive. After the Europeans settled on Amerindian territories, they raped their females, killed and overworked their men and ate their produce.Disease and famine resulted in a rapid decrease in the Amerindian population. Hundreds of years after, Caribbean people still benefit and utilize the legacy of the Amerindians such as place names/ words, food/cuisine, architecture and handmade materials. Long before Christopher Columbus arrived in the Caribbean Sea, the Caribbean was still relatively â€Å"new'. This allowed the early settlers; the Amerindians, to give names to countries, places inside those countries, animals, food and other objects for the first time. Some of these names are still utilized.The Amerindians called Barbados â€Å"Ichirouganaim†, St. Vlncent â€Å"Hairoun†, Dominica â€Å"Waitukubuli†, Jamaica â€Å"Xaymaca† and named a lot of other Caribbean territories. They gave names to places in Venezuela, such as Tacarigua, and in Trinida d such as Piarco and Tunapuna. They still have their names. The names of some of our fruits, vegetables and other words were derived from the Amerindian words. Some of these words were maize, from â€Å"mahis†, barbeque, from â€Å"barbakoa†, guava from â€Å"guayaba† and hammock from â€Å"hamaca†. In some countries like Dominica and St.Vincent, animals named by the Amerindians still survive. The agouti (rat), manacou(opossum), touloulou(crab) and iguana are some of the animals that still have their Amerindian names. There are plenty more words that we use derived from the Amerindian languages. This contributed to us not being limited to the more â€Å"formal† languages of empire (Spanish, Dutch, English and French) and having our own varieties of Creole between Caribbean countries. The Amerindians were excellent farmers and cooks. They left us a lot of crops and some of their ooking techniques.Both Arawaks and Caribs had diets of meat and vegetab les, but the Arawaks had a more vegetable based diet and cultivated a lot more than the Caribs. They cultivated cassava (yuca), sweet potatoes (batata), corn (maize), squash, peanuts, pineapples, beans and peppers. Most of these are indigenous to the Americas but continued to grow thousands of years after in the Caribbean. The Amerindians ground the roots of the Cassava (yucca) into a powder in which they baked cassava bread. The Amerindians snowed us now to cook; bake, boil, stew and arbeque (cook slowly over open fire).They also taught us how to remove the poison from the cassava roots so it can be made edible. Another thing they did was cook or roast the corn and eat it from the cob. They also grew tobacco and cotton in which they wove hammocks and made clothes and cigarettes. The Amerindians were their own doctors as they used the leaves, roots and barks of certain herbs to heal certain illnesses and diseases. Sage, sweet grass, bitter root and others were used to help the unhea lthy regain their energy and wellbeing.Information of these herbs has been passed down to us, and that is why our grandparents believe we should drink these teas to remain healthy and clean. The Amerindians used to build a lot of things from stone, bone, shell and wood; metal was not familiar to them. They carved the wood from tree trunks to make canoes for fishing, used clay to make pottery, straw to make baskets and calabashes from the opo squash tree. They also left petroglyphs that when read, showed us certain practices that we continue to use today.The anoes are used mainly in the Caribbean countries with rivers to fish, the clay make plates and flat trays for baking, while the calabashes stored food, molasses and drinking water. The Amerindians made Jewelry by hammering gold nuggets into artistic pieces and connecting bones andor shells of small animals and wearing them on various parts of the body. They made their own houses from wood and/or straw with their original gable de signs. Even after thousands of years, the people of the Caribbean make use of the legacies passed down to us from the indigenous people; Taino and Kalinago.

Change Anticipate Change Essay

Change Anticipate Change Essay Change: Anticipate Change Essay Change Paper August, 2013 Introduction Change is normal. That’s how we grow and evolve as humans. As stated by Dr. Spencer Johnson, â€Å"if you do not change, you can become extinct†(Johnson, 2002). Change is difficult for most people. They like what they have grown accustomed to and prefer to stay in their â€Å"comfort zone† They detest being stretched beyond the limit of their comfort zone. Some are pushed outside their comfort zone by other people or circumstances, while others intentionally push themselves outside of their own comfort zone to enable them grow and develop personally. When people refuse to plan and prepare for change, the become stuck in the event of unforeseen circumstances or situation, they can be likened to one of the four characters in â€Å"Who Moved My Cheese† the mice, Sniff and Scurry, ‘sniff out change and Scurry to move with it’ or Hem and Haw, the two little people in the story, who found their ‘Cheese’ and when it is lost , they become lost, until they made up their mind to change. Change in Professional environments In today’s fast-paced and highly competitive environment, it is very crucial for organization to be flexible to change in order to grow and remain profitable. Employees are often faced with the tedious task of navigating through this change. This process can be very distressing and frustrating to the employees. It is always advisable to recognize the different stages of change and anticipate its impact in order to take preventative measures. California budget crisis, for instance, has induced budget cut in all the sectors and counties. Notable among these sectors are the school district. Two years prior to this, the Los Angeles County of Education (LACOE), has announced that budget cut will force the district to close down some classes and lay off classroom teachers. Teachers who have been in the job for several years started to live in denial, thinking that they would not be affe cted. Others are gripped by fear that they will not be able to get another job if they lose their job. However, some of them acknowledged the impending change and started preparing for the change. I know of one of the teachers, who has been with school district for many years, and is enrolled in a weekend program at California to study Speech Therapy in order to enhance her marketability in the event of lay off. This teacher can be likened to Sniff and Scurry, the mice who ‘sniffs’ out change, and realize that the looming change is inevitable and started making plan. She did not dwell on the fact that she has been in the teaching for several years and become too comfortable and refusing to see the inescapable change, just like Hew and Haw. Rather, she accepted the change and focuses her efforts in absorbing it and moving forward. How to handle change Change is inevitable and continuous and as a student I learned that the best approach to handle change lies significantly in having a positive attitude about every experience. Nursing is a new profession to me, due to my previous background in business administration, I found nursing challenging, yet interesting. It became obvious that every new encounter has its pitfalls, but the fact lies on my being able to persevere and identify good sides of every experience. How I perceived changes have changed for the better due my realization that changes open a world of possibilities, stimulates opportunity of learning new things and provides an enabling environment for personal growth. Change in the health care environment Prior to the introduction of Electronic Medical Records (EMRs), paper charting was used in collecting and sharing patient information among the care team members. The initial introduction of EMRs was met with fierce resistance. They start questioning the reliability of EMRs in collecting, storing, and sharing patients`

Experiment to determine gravity from a spring using analogue techniques Essays

Experiment to determine gravity from a spring using analogue techniques Essays Experiment to determine gravity from a spring using analogue techniques Paper Experiment to determine gravity from a spring using analogue techniques Paper The aim of this first experiment is to examine simple harmonic motion exhibited a mass on a spring. Using data recorded in doing this, the spring constant for each spring can be calculated along with a value for gravity. In the first part of this experiment, the relationship between the period of the oscillations of the spring and the mass of the spring is observed. The period of oscillation of mass on a spiral spring depends on the mass on the spring and the spring constant of the spring. This is given by: Where m is the mass on the spring and k is the spring constant of the spring. Since the period can be observed, and the mass on the spring is known, this part of the experiment is concerned with calculating k, the spring constant for each of the springs used. The spring constant is different for every spring, and is defined as the mass needed to produce a unit extension of the spring (ref. 6). This is calculated by placing differing masses on the spring, extending the spring a certain distance from its equilibrium position each time and timing the time for 10 oscillations of the spring to occur. This is done by using an analogue stopwatch and a ruler to ensure that the distance extended from the equilibrium position was the same each time. The graph of period squared against mass can then be plotted. From this, the value for the spring constant, k, of each spring can be calculated by comparing the equation of the best fit line of the graph to the squared version of the equation above,. The second part of this experiment is concerned with Hookes law, which states that the extension of a spring is directly proportional to the mass applied to it. Mathematically, this is stated as: Where x is the extension of the spring in metres, k is the spring constant of the spring measured in Nm-1 and F is the restoring force, measured in Newtons. This value is negative because the force always acts against the direction of the extension, for example if the extension of the spring is downwards, then the restoring force is the force acting upwards on the mass. When a mass is placed on a spring, it begins to oscillate, until it comes to rest. When the mass comes to rest, the two forces acting on it (the restoring force and gravitational force,) are balanced, ie: So it can be said that: , When a mass, m, is at rest on a spring with spring constant k, extension x from the equilibrium position, with g being the acceleration due to gravity of 9. 1Nkg-1 . In this experiment, the spring is loaded with different masses of known values and the extension of the spring from the equilibrium position when there is no mass on the spring is recorded. Then a graph of extension against mass can be created from this data. The equation of the best fit line of this data can now be compared to and a value for the Earths gravitational field strength can now be calculated using this data and the value for the spring constant calculated in the first part of this experiment.

Children's Health Topics - ADHD Annotated Bibliography

Children's Health Topics - ADHD - Annotated Bibliography Example The researchers studied ADHD in children of pre-school age. They researched three parenting programs that showed promise in helping small children. The authors suggested that parents should have some type of parent training before they start treating their children with medication. They also discuss the barriers to using this method and give several ideas of how to work with preschoolers in addition to this model. The researchers state that medication should be used after they have tried parent training. The researchers present the dual pathway model and state how it should be used in preschool. This research is important to a paper on ADHD because it provides information about alternative interventions that are working. They suggest that parents must be able to control their children before they send them to school. Many parents want to find alternatives to treating their children with ADHD because they do not want to use drugs. This article gives an understanding of ADHD from a doctors perspective and it provides information about alternative nutrition that has been shown to help children and adults with ADHD. The researchers provided information on several studies, including a double-blind, crossover controlled trial that was designed to understand whether artificial food coloring and benzoate preservative in children's food could influence their hyperactivity. The trial included 1800 three-year-olds. The conclusion from these researchers was that ADHD is complex, and it should be treated with a multi-faceted treatment program.

The Role of Nursing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Role of Nursing - Article Example The boards set the minimum competencies and qualifications such as academic qualifications, age and experience for practitioners in the professions. One of the reasons the nursing profession requires to be regulated and closely monitored is for the reason that the risk associated with the civic being attended to by unqualified or incompetent practitioners. The boards therefore only offer the licenses to competent and qualified nurses who have met the minimum set qualifications. Because the public may not identify unqualified practitioners or the irregularities, they may be vulnerable to exploitation from unprofessional practices (Shirley, 1998). The state nursing boards ensure competence in the nursing practice through regulating license issuance, entry into the profession, disciplinary action and license renewal. The duties and responsibilities of state nursing boards are defined by the law makers so as to protect the public from unsafe nursing practices. The establishment of state nursing boards ensures that the stake holders in the nursing practice are competent enough and that they meet all the requirements as per the regulations (Shirley, 1998). State nursing boards of nursing are agencies formed by the governments to regulate the nursing practice in the state. ... The state boards of nursing are also involved regulating the nursing practice through licensing all the nursing operations in the state (Allen, 2011). The board issues the nursing license only if they are qualified to safe nursing. After the issuing of the licenses, the state nursing boards continue monitoring the nursing practice where be if unsafe practices are identified the licenses will be reclaimed and legal actions taken. The roles of the board in the nursing involve employing and registering nurses and inquiring on irregularity cases by applying the set discipline procedures. The state nursing boards are required to report to the state administrations such as the governor of the state and the state agencies (Staunton & Mary, 2007). The state boards of nursing are allocated the authoritative powers to make decisions on the nursing practice as well as registering all the qualified practitioners in the nursing sector. The board also has the powers to take disciplinary actions ag ainst unsafe nursing practices (Allen, 2011). Some of the authoritative powers that the nursing boards are allocated involve developing standards of safe nursing, licensing and developing organizational rules and regulations. The nursing boards have also been allocated the powers to approve or disapprove the nursing and health care educational programs offered in colleges and universities. All the nursing practitioners are therefore responsible for understanding all the nursing regulations and applying them in practicing safe nursing. The development of the policies and structures governing the nursing is also the responsibility of the nursing board. The primary legislation is made up of the rules which make up the standards. The primary

Rhetorical Analysis Prompt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Rhetorical Analysis Prompt - Essay Example Certain logos, ethos and pathos, are the techniques used skillfully to state the author’s point and to convince the audiences. The author bases his argument upon the fact that there has not been a definite answer to what the relationship between the human mind and the physical world could be. He claims that people should start viewing their perspective of consciousness differently because they have been unable to link the human mind to the physical world. He says that perhaps people do not possess an inner feeling in the manner they think they do (Michael 1). The author of the article seems not to understand how the human brain goes beyond its usual duty of information processing to a rather complex mission of being aware of information. He supports this claim by giving an example of how the human brain perceived white color. Newton discovered that the white light is an amalgamation of multiple colors of observable spectrum. He, therefore, fails to understand the brain process that purifies the white color or white light. He then concludes that people operate under the assumption that the white light or white color is pure as a result of the hypothesis of the brain. For this reason, he asserts that the theories of knowledge are based on peoples intuitions about awareness. Just like the assumption that while light or white color is pure, peoples intuitions concerning consciousness are derived from the unreal and incorrect information computed in the human brain (Michael 1). Michael’s argument about the relationship between brain activity and awareness is a convincing piece especially with the help of numerous argumentative elements applied in the article. For instance, the article captures rhetorical appeals (logos, ethos and pathos) in the sense that he makes the article worth reading. He captures the concentration of his readers and vivifies his arguments with the use of practical and evidence-based examples. The

Mythological Women Essay Example for Free

Mythological Women Essay Attitudes toward women in mythology reflect the attitudes that still exist today around the world. In mythology women always seem to mess up and make mistakes. Women are viewed as incapable in mythology. The attitudes toward women in both Judeo-Christian/Western and Greek mythology are negative. One of the three types of mythology that are going to be discussed about is humanity mythology. In Judeo-Christian/Western humanity mythology, there is the parable of Adam and Eve. In Adam and Eve, God tells them to not eat from the forbidden tree. Eve, the woman, is tempted and ends up disobeying God by eating an apple from the tree that was forbidden. On the other hand, in Greek humanity mythology there is the story of Pandora. Pandora was given a box and was told to never open the box. Curiosity got the best of Pandora and she ended up disobeying by opening the box. In humanity mythology women are portrayed as not being able to follow instructions and obey. The next type of mythology is the animal/plant mythology. In Judeo-Christian/Western animal/plant mythology, you have the parable of Adam and Eve again. In the parable, Adam the man, is given the responsibility to name the animals. While in Greek animal/plant mythology, you have the myth of how spiders came to be. There was a Goddess named Athena who challenged Arachne at weaving. Arachne was the best weaver there. After loosing, Athena turned Arachne into a spider so she would weave webs forever. In animal/plant mythology, women are viewed as incapable to complete tasks and also viewed as jealous. The last type of mythology is hero mythology. In Judeo-Christian/Western hero mythology, you have superhero and trickster schemes. Without a trickster there is no superhero to solve the problem. In the superhero community, almost every superhero is male. On the other hand, in Greek hero mythology you have The Odyssey. In The Odyssey, you have Odysseus who is away for twenty long years. Odysseuss wife has been mourning for his arrival and has remained clean and faithful. In the meantime, Odysseus is sleeping with other women. Hero mythology portrays the dominance of men and their image of strength. Hero mythology also portrays the double standard of  what men expect for women. In conclusion, bad attitudes toward women that are seen in Judeo-Christian/Western and Greek mythology still exist today. In humanity mythology, women are portrayed as incapable of obeying and following instructions. In animal/plant mythology, women are viewed as incapable to complete tasks and also very jealous. In hero mythology, men are seen as the ones with dominance, strength, and superiority and you can see a double standard in the expectations of morality. The attitudes toward women in both Judeo-Christian/Western and Greek mythology are negative.

The Job Interview Process English Language Essay

The Job Interview Process English Language Essay Professor Dennis Mohle, of The Craig School of Business at Fresno State University has authorized this report. The issue is that unemployment in Fresno has gone up in the recent years and finding a good job or internship can be very difficult and stressful. Knowing how to interview well can help to get you the job of your dreams. This report will shed some light on the job interview process and will not stop there; it will also include how to write cover letters and resumes and will show how to properly manage social networking sites, while applying for a job. All of these steps are essential to being successful during the job interview process. The purpose is to carefully and thoughtfully explain to the readers exactly what steps to take in order to do well in the interviewing process. The methodology used for this research assignment spanned a wide variety of business outlooks. These outlooks ranged from business textbooks, published research and surveys. These methods were used because they seemed to be the most informative and provide ample amount of data and statistics. The first source used in this report was textbook, Business Communications: Process Product. The second source was a survey that was done by a writer for AOL Jobs called, What You Wish Youd Known before Your Job Interview. Thirdly, was the MGT110 lecture book titled, Managing Organizational Behavior: What Great Managers Know and Do. For published research, I have an article called Making the Job Interview Work for You. A source used to fully understand the employers perspective was an article from, IUP Journal of Soft Skills titled What to Expect From Across the Table. Another sources used to find statistics is, InternetSafety101.org, where they review and publish statistics on the internet and its safety. Lastly, is an article from About.com that is titled How (and How Not) to Use Social Media to Job Search. JOB INTERVIEW PROCESS Interviewing, whether it is a job interview or an interview for an internship is vital to the existence of the business world. However, the interview is not the first stepping-stone in the road to employment. Surrounding yourself with the necessary resources to succeed is essential. Who is interviewing? Figure 1: Interview Waiting Room (Google 2009). http://us.123rf.com/400wm/400/400/wavebreakmediamicro/wavebreakmediamicro1106/wavebreakmediamicro110601234/10094684-business-people-sitting-and-waiting-for-a-job-interview.jpg With the downfall of the economy and no turn-around in sight, more and more people are flooding to interviews anywhere they can. This includes high school kids, college students, college graduates, recently unemployed adults and retired adults being forced to work again. To sum up, everyone is interviewing. Therefore, it is imperative that everyone knows how to hold a successful interview and knows the dos and donts of interviewing. http://www.soulseeds.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/aff-surround-yourself-with-the-things-you-love-2-300196.jpg Having the right professional contacts and by surrounding yourself with people who build you up professionally and not down are just two of the recommend activities. Figure 2: Surrounding Yourself With The Essentials (Soul Seeds 2011) Dressing Professional Typically, in the job process, the initial piece of information that starts the ball rolling is either the application or the resume. However, how you present yourself is what should be viewed as the most important thing. Whenever the applicant walks through the office doors of the employer is immediately performing a preliminary interview, without even noticing. This is because professionalism is back, in the sense that how you dress is how you are choosing to promote and market yourself. It is also a since of pride. If a job applicant were to walk into an interview with: hair a mess, loaded with jewelry, tattoos that are visible and just lacking a professional issue it would show their unprofessional attitude (Baldwin and Bommer 2013). C:UsersToriDesktopbusiness professional.jpg Figure 3: What to Wear to an Interview (TSU Career Services 2010). The general rule for clothing, when it comes to interviewing it is that the more solid the color, the better. For instance, a young woman by the name of Ana, was skipped for a job because of that fact that she wore a club bright colored dress that resulted in people in the office to begin to stare at things that are inappropriate. Therefore, to remain on subject and for the employer to remain on track, the person would have to wear those basic, solid colors such as black, navy, brown and tan. In addition, they were asked by several business executives to dress modestly, not like you are going to a club (Bockanic 2012). When it comes to jewelry and accessories, less is more. Wearing the minimal amount of jewelry has actually been hard for women to accomplish, but they must remember that it is not about the number of earrings or pieces of jewelry , it is instead about who you are as a person. Huge issues for most employers these days are tattoos. Many people believe today that getting a tattoo is not a big deal and it will not affect the likeliness of a person getting a job, which is completely false. According to AOL Jobs writer, David Shepp, having tattoos that are visible decrease your chances of getting the job 35% instantly. However, there are some rare cases in which, the company is looking for someone with tattoos to represent them and therefore tattoos are not only a plus, but also a necessary item. Acting Professional The average interview, begins with the interviewer asking the job applicant a couple questions about the company like Why this company and What made Such and Such Marketing different from all of the others? This area specifically is an area where most job applicants fall short. They do not come prepared with short personal stories, or examples and reasons for why they picked this company. The average response to a question similar to this one, contains approximately five umms or Im not sures (Akhtar 2012). Imagine that you were conducting an interview and it took a person awhile to come up with a few reasons as to why your company beats out all the others. It may question whether or not you want to hire someone who doesnt have strong emotional ties to his previous or future places of work. In addition, before going into an interview it is always nice to reflect on this list of dos and donts: research the companies for which you are applying, give a firm handshake, do not fidget or answer phones during the interview, show interest in the interviewers questions, maintain a good posture and behavior throughout and also be respectful. Use of Social Media Social media websites share personal information, and the sites seem to be adding more and more in-depth questions or options to such sites. This is making personal information more readily available to people who do not need access to such information. According to a recent study done in 2011, 26% of Americans say they are sharing more information on social networks today than one year ago (Combs 2011). Social Networks are not regulated and anyone is allowed access to these sites unless a specific user has strict privacy setting. Except, most users are not aware of how to update their settings and make their sites inaccessible. Although, Social Networking has allowed many people to seek the help and aid that they may need. Many cases have been reported where, a person who is signed up with a social networking site, has not been able to find a job because of their subscription to the media (Doyle 2009). These days 1in 5 jobs are found using social media, while the age old concept of knocking on the door and simply asking are you hiring? is still a scenario that is still out there. Although more and more people are being to utilize this social media and networking tool to job search and some are even using the online job search sites (Doyle 2009). Social Media platforms such as Twitter, Facebook and LinkedIn are some of the tools that are being used to search for a job. Nevertheless, some people forget that although social media is a good tool, it can also jeopardize your job opportunity if used incorrectly or in an inappropriate manner. Now of course your Facebook account is your personal account, so you feel as if you have some sort of immunity and right to keep your private life private. Moreover, while that is true, depending on the settings that the person has on their social medias allows future employers to browse all they please. Using these social medias in the right way, is vital to success in the interview process. The first amendment does give every person the right to free speech, however that does mean that you exercise your right by posting extremely religious articles, political views and/or mean and hatred comments are your boss. Refrain from anything that may cause a future employer to question to character. Social media has given us tremendous amount of power in terms of job searching capabilities, but it has also made everything we do much more vulnerable and easy to target. The saying à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"choose your words carefullyà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ã‚  might be true now than ever bef ore (Schepp 2011). Before you publish anything on Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn or any other social media, make sure you havenà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢t friended one of your colleagues or bosses before you make a rude remark about them. A golden rule would be to refrain from posting things that you would not want the person to know. Because even though you are not friends with the person youre posting about directly, that person may be the friend of a friend and find out just as easily. Even though social medias sell you on transparency, it does not mean that it is the right thing to do. Being transparent comes with a cost and could eventually lead to the loss of your job. COVER LETTERS A cover letter is written directly for the eyes of the interviewer and is sole purpose is to introduce both yourself and your resume in the future hope of getting the job. In reality, your resume may never be read without it being accompanied by a profession cover letter. One must think of the cover letter as a sales letter. It is working to sell your resume to the interviewer. Some general guidelines for writing a cover letter are: only use white bong paper (any color or scented paper will not be taken professionally), should be only one page in length, both the cover letter and resume should maintain the same format and it should consist of three paragraphs. This cover letter should open with a professional salutation to the hiring manager for the open position and should move into the three-paragraph format. The first paragraph should re-state the position that you are applying for, why you are applying and how you learned about the position. Then you should move on to mention something that you love about the company or business; the main reason why you are applying for the position. Then move to stating that you are great candidate because of your qualifications, experience, education and interests. The second paragraph should now expand in greater detail your qualifications, experience, education and interests that directly correlate with the employers needs. You want to make yourself sound like the perfect candidate, therefore they must give you an interview to see what youre all about. The closing paragraph should be ended with a bold statement, such as one saying that you are the ideal candidate and a strong match for the company. Also, mention that you are looking forward to meeting with him or her and finish will a slightly aggressive touch that if 7-10 business days pass without a word, you will follow up yourself (Gueffy and Loewy 2011). Figure 4: Example of Cover Letter for a Resume (Yahoo, 2008). http://www.squawkfox.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/sample-cover-letters-cover-letter-examples-classic.png RESUME The resume will be one of the only things that the interviewer will look at to decide whether you deserve an interview. Therefore, it is very important. First of all the resume needs to be consistent, concise and clear. It should also be extremely easy to read. To stick with traditional standards the resume should be no longer than one page. This goes off being short and concise. You only have an 8.5 x 11 sized paper to inform the interviewer of why you should be picked for the job over everyone else (Baldwin and Boomer 2013). There are several different types of resumes that are generally used to apply of job openings. Any of the formats are fine, it just depends on how what information you have to place on your resume and what type of information it is. If you have expansive job history, which is your selling point, chronological is the best style of resume. However if you are still in school and working towards your degree, an educational focused resume would be the most beneficial because you are highlighting your strong point (Gueffy and Loewy 2011). Each type of resume can be found with a quick Google search, they even show up as templates for easy use. Therefore, you can begin to build your resume by simply replacing the sample information with your own personal information. Make tweaks to the layout or placement depending on your personal preferences to highlight your skills and abilities. Remember, there is no right or wrong way to write a resume. As long as your follow the general guidelines, anything is acceptable. Today, many large companies or corporations are usingrecruiting management software that helps to better screen candidates. The hiring manager inputs into the software certain keywords that he is looking for and this software will then mine through the database of resumes searching for potential matches. If you would like to be found, the resume needs to contain keywords that directly target the jobs in your field of interest. Figure 5: Example of Traditional Experience Based Resume (About.com 2012). http://new-cdn.financialsamurai.com.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/good_resume3.gif SUMMARY In summary, although many people are afraid of getting out there and interviewing for jobs. This is understandable because, job interviews can be challenging, in part because there is so much that can go wrong. However, when a person is surrounded with the right skills, interviewing is a piece of cake. It is very important to remember the value of dressing, and acting professionally, maintaining professional social medias, the importance of writing both good cover letters and resumes. You also will need to explain who you are and why the organization needs you. Being able to concisely describe the skills that you can bring to the position and to the company is a definite way to engage the interviewer while also making the case for why you are the right person for the job. Although winging it in an interview might work, but chances are that, a lack of preparedness will come out during the test process and you will be left stumbling and racing in circles to answer questions. Moreover, that will not win you any points with any manager. Always come prepared.

Degradation of Women in Caribbean Music Essay -- Music

As one moves past the initial onslaught of rhythmic beats that calypso has to offer, it is difficult to miss the way in which it reverberates with negative and demoralizing images of women to their male counterparts. Whether it is within the lyrics of Sparrow’s â€Å"Drunk and Disorderly† or Square One’s â€Å"My Ding-a Ling†, an ample number of verses are often dedicated to making lewd comments about the female body and the suggestive body language described through thinly veiled rhymes and puns, can be offensive depending on the listener. The half naked models being displayed on the various album covers of calypso, soca and rap mix tapes further reinforces these negative connotations. This bandwagon has been jumped upon by many, including the rap genre in the last two decades, wanting to capitalize on a marketing strategy that generally purports to flag consumer attention, playing on their sense of eroticism. The sections titled â€Å"Music, Sex, Se xism† and â€Å"Woman Rising† within Peter Manuel’s text: Caribbean Currents, dive into the many issues surrounding gender within music as well as female portrayal specifically in calypso. Observations can be made simply by reading through the textual comparisons. Many aspects of this subject area allude to the fact that the issue of gender portrayal in music can be construed differently depending on who the critical listener happens to be. With the increased awareness and heightened sensitivity to the way in which females are portrayed in popular media, it is important to reflect on the impact these lyrics have on male-female relationships within the communities who most often enjoy this music genre. â€Å"The parallels between musical and linguistic boundaries are obvious† as stated in author Peter M... ...ages of women. Ultimately the purchaser and listener of all kinds of music, influences the pace of this movement. Work Cited Bilby, Kenneth. Largey, Michael. Manuel, Peter. Caribbean Currents- Caribbean Music From Rumba to Reggae. Temple Univ. Press. Philadelphia, 2006. Ember, Carol. Ember, Melvin. Encyclopedia of Sex and Gender. Vol 2. Springer pub Chicago. 2005 â€Å"Female Degradation must not be Tolerated†. The Marquette Tribune. Staff editorial- Posted November 8, 2007. www.marquettetribune.com Accessed April 12, 2008 Jones, Tiffanie. â€Å"Video girls Bare all on Music Industry†. New Orleans News Periodical Dated September 23, 2004. Accessed April 12, 2008 Mayer, Andre. â€Å"Booty Rhapsody-Pop music’s obsession with the female posterior† Posted January 16, 2005. www.newsworld.cbc.ca/arts/music/booty.html Accessed April 12, 2008