Malters Development In The Chosen Essays - The Chosen, The Promise

Malter's Development in The Chosen Reuven Malter's Development in The Chosen by Chaim Potok Malter's Development in The Chosen One of the most emotional scenes from Chaim Potok's The Chosen is when Reuven goes with Danny Saunders to talk to his father. Danny has a great mind and wants to use it to study psychology, not become a Hasidic tzaddik. The two go into Reb Saunders' study to explain to him what is going to happen, and before Danny can bring it up, his father does. Reb Saunders explains to the two friends that he already known that Reuven is going to go for his smicha and Danny, who is in line to become the next tzaddik of his people, will not. This relates to the motif of ?Individuality? and the theme of ?Danny's choice of going with the family dynasty or to what his heart leads him.? The most developing character from the novel is Reuven Malter. One of the ways that he developes in the novel is in hus understanding of friendship. His friendship with D\fanny Saunders is encouraged by his father, but he is wary of it at first because Danny is a Hasid, and regards regular Orthodox Jews as apikorsim because of the teachings of his father. Reuven goes from not being able to have a civil conversation with Danny to becoming his best friend with whom he spens all of his free time, studies Talmud and goes to college. Reuven truly grows because he leans, as his father says, what it is to be a friend. Another way that Reuven grows is that he learns to appreciate different people and their ideas. He starts out hating Hasidim because it's the ?pious? thing to do, even though his father (who I see as the Atticus Finch of this novel) keeps telling him that it's okay to disagree with ideas, but hating a person because of them is intolerable. Through his friendship with Danny, studies with Reb Saunders, brief crush on Danny's sister (who was never given a name), and time spent in the Hasidic community, he learns that Hasids are people too with their own ideas and beliefs that are as valuable as his. He learns why they think, act, speak, and dress the way that they do and comes to grips with the fact that he doesn't have a monopoly on virtue. A third way in which Reuven grows, though the book doesn't really talk about it a great deal, is in his appreciation of life, or cha'im in Hebrew. He almost loses his vision, his father nearly works himself to death, six million Jews are butchered in Europe, and Danny's brother's poor health threatens Danny's choice to not become a tzaddik. When his eye is out of order he can't read, and indeed does remark that it's very difficult to live without reading, especially with a voracious appetite for learning such as his. His father almost dies twice and he talks about how difficult it is to live all alone in silence (which is a metaphor alluding to Danny's everyday life) for the month while his father is in the hospital. He sees Reb Saunders and his father feeling the suffering of the six million dead, Saunders by crying and being silent, David Malter by working for the creation of a Jewish state and being a leader in the movement, in addition to teaching at a yeshiva and adult education classes. And of course Danny is very worried by his brother's illness (hemophillia?) because if he dies it will be even harded for Danny to turn down his tzaddikship. By the end of the book, Reuven Malter is a very changed character. Potok is an expert with using allusion and metaphor. Very subtly throughout the book he uses this for the purposes of renforcing his points, foreshadowing, and to make the book a better read when you've read it previously and know the outcome. One example of this, one that I missed the first time I read the book in 7th grade is the paragraph at the end of chapter nine where Reuven is sitting on his porch and sees a fly trapped in a spider's web with the arachnid builder approaching. He blows on the fly, first softly, and then more harshly, and the fly is free and safe from the danger of the spider. This is a metaphor to Danny being trapped in the ?filmy, almost invisible strands of the web? (165) that is a metaphor for the Hasidic clan that

Hindenburg Disaster

Hindenburg Disaster The suddenness of the disaster was shocking. At 7:25 p.m. on May 6, 1937, while the Hindenburg was attempting to land at the Lakehurst Naval Air Station in New Jersey, a flame appeared on the outer cover of the rear of the Hindenburg. Within 34 seconds, the entire airship was consumed by fire. Take-off On May 3, 1937, the captain of the Hindenburg (on this trip, Max Pruss) ordered the zeppelin out of its shed at the airship station in Frankfurt, Germany. As was usual, when all was ready, the captain shouted, Schiff hoch! (Up ship!) and the ground crew released the handling lines and gave the giant airship a push upward. This trip was the first of the 1937 season for passenger service between Europe and the United States and it wasnt as popular as the 1936 season. In 1936, the Hindenburg had completed ten successful trips (1,002 passengers) and was so popular that they had to turn away customers. On this trip, the first of the 1937 season, the airship was only half full, carrying 36 passengers despite it being equipped to carry 72. For their $400 ticket ($720 round trip), the passengers could relax in the large, luxurious common spaces and enjoy fine food.  They could play, sing, or  listen to the baby grand piano on board or just sit and write postcards. With 61 crew members on board, the passengers were well accommodated. The luxury of the Hindenburg was a marvel in air travel. Considering that passengers were not taken across the Atlantic in heavier-than-air crafts (airplanes) until 1939, the novelty as well as the luxury of traveling in the Hindenburg was astonishing. The smoothness of the ride took many of the Hindenburgs passengers by surprise. Louis Lochner, a newspaperman, described the trip: You feel as though you were carried in the arms of angels.1 There are other stories of passengers waking up after several hours aloft questioning the crew as to when the ship was to take off.2 On most trips across the Atlantic, the Hindenburg maintained an altitude of approximately 650 feet and cruised around 78 mph; however, on this trip, the Hindenburg encountered strong head winds that slowed it down, pushing back the Hindenburgs arrival time from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m. on May 6, 1937. The Storm A storm was brewing over the Lakehurst Naval Air Station (New Jersey) on the afternoon of May 6, 1937. After Captain Pruss had taken the Hindenburg over Manhattan, with a glimpse of the Statue of Liberty, the airship was nearly over Lakehurst when they received a weather report that stated winds were up to 25 knots. In a lighter-than-air ship, winds could be dangerous; thus, both Captain Pruss and Commander Charles Rosendahl, the officer in charge of the air station, agreed that the Hindenburg should wait for the weather to improve. The Hindenburg then headed southward, then northward, in a continuing circle while it waited for better weather. Family, friends, and newspapermen waited at Lakehurst for the Hindenburg to land. Most had been there since the early morning hours when the airship was first scheduled to land. At 5 p.m., Commander Rosendahl gave the order to sound Zero Hour - a loud siren beckoning the 92 navy and 139 civilian ground crew personnel from the nearby town of Lakehurst. The ground crew were to help the airship land by hanging on to mooring lines. At 6 p.m. it began to really rain and soon after began to clear. At 6:12 p.m., Commander Rosendahl informed Captain Pruss: Conditions now considered suitable for landing.3 The Hindenburg had traveled perhaps a little too far and was still not at Lakehurst at 7:10 p.m. when Commander Rosendahl sent another message: Conditions definitely improved recommend earliest possible landing.4 Arrival Not long after Commander Rosendahls last message, the  Hindenburg  appeared over Lakehurst. The  Hindenburg  made a pass over the airfield before coming in for landing. Circling over the airfield, Captain Pruss tried to slow down the  Hindenburg  and to lower its altitude. Perhaps worried about the weather, Captain Pruss made a sharp left turn as the airship approached the mooring mast. Since the  Hindenburg  was a little tail heavy, 1,320 pounds (600 kg) of ballast water was dropped (often, unwary onlookers who had ventured too close to an approaching airship would get drenched from ballast water). Since the stern was still heavy, the  Hindenburg  dropped another 1,100 pounds (500 kg) of ballast water and this time did drench some of the onlookers. At 7:21 p.m., the  Hindenburg  was still about 1,000 feet away from the mooring mast and approximately 300 feet in the air. Most of the passengers stood by the windows to watch the onlookers grow larger as the airship decreased its altitude and to wave at their family and friends. The five officers on board (two were just observers) were all in the control gondola. Other crewmen were in the tail fin to release mooring lines and to drop the rear landing wheel. A Flame At 7:25 p.m., witnesses saw a small, mushroom-shaped flame rise from the top of the tail section of the  Hindenburg, just in front of the tail fin. The crewmen in the tail of the airship said they heard a detonation which sounded like the burner on a gas stove turn on.5   Within seconds, the fire engulfed the tail and spread quickly forward.  The mid-section was completely in flames even before the tail of the  Hindenburg  hit the ground. It took only 34 seconds for the entire airship to be consumed by flames. The passengers and crew had only seconds to react. Some jumped out of the windows, some fell. Since the  Hindenburg  was still 300 feet (roughly equal to 30 stories) in the air when it caught fire, many of these passengers did not survive the fall. Other passengers got wedged inside the ship by moving furniture and fallen passengers. Other passengers and crew jumped from the ship once it neared the ground. Even others were rescued from the burning bulk after it had hit the ground. The ground crew, which had been there to assist the craft in mooring, became a rescue crew. The injured were taken to the airfields infirmary; the dead were taken to the press room, the impromptu morgue. The Radio Broadcast On the scene, radio broadcaster Herbert Morrison captured his emotion-filled, first-hand experience as he watched the  Hindenburg  burst into flames. (His radio broadcast  was taped and then played to a shocked world the following day.) Aftermath Considering the quickness of the catastrophe, it is amazing that only 35 of the 97 men and women on board, plus one member of the ground crew, died in the  Hindenburg  disaster. This tragedy - seen by so many via photographs, news-reels, and radio - effectively ended commercial passenger service in rigid,  lighter-than-air crafts. Though it was assumed at the time that the fire was caused by a hydrogen gas leak ignited by a spark of static electricity, the cause of the disaster is still controversial. Notes 1. Rick Archbold,  Hindenburg: An Illustrated History  (Toronto: Warner/Madison Press Book, 1994) 162.2. Archbold,  Hindenburg  162.3. Archbold,  Hindenburg  178.4. Archbold,  Hindenburg  178.5. Archbold,  Hindenburg  181.

Group Ariel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Group Ariel - Essay Example The Group Ariel Company is recycling old equipment situated in Mexico. The management will need to apply the pesos to compute the company’s cash flows to ensure that they comprehend the manner in which the intended project will affect their finances. Additional for easy computation, the pesos should be converted into the Euros. This study analysed the NPV of the Ariel Mexico by deducting the value of manual machine from the value of the new machine (LAAN, & TEUNTER, 2000). Then the incremental cash flow will be represented as positive figures since the reduced value is equivalent to the cash flow. The next step was the deduction of the depreciation costs from the incremental sum costs. It is imperative to note that the fist initial three years of depreciation involved depreciation from the new machine and the remainder listed depreciation of the old machine. A deduction of 35% tax was done from the cash flow, and then the depreciation was added in order to signify the tax shie ld. For the company to calculate the project’s NPV in Euros, there is need to apply the future spot exchange rates. This can be done by dividing the peso NPV by the present spot exchange rate. Since the cash flows are discounted differently from 2008 up to 2011, then the rate of 8% of 2011 can be used to discount since it forms an average of the fours year period. It is imperative to note that computation of the present values of projects such as the Ariel Mexico can take two different ways which consider the variation of rate and risk attributed to the foreign currency. The significance of computing the NPV is to analyze the project managers or investors foresee great variations in the currency. In essence, the Group Ariel should discount the cash flows by using the foreign cost capital if the value of capital is valued in a rational manner (GOLLIER,

Research paper for Health Economics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

For Health Economics - Research Paper Example If the medical profession is viewed as health care service being a public or civic activity, it can capture the true purposes of the service. The ethical practices of health care is a strong debate in this field of study and incorporates both the commercial aspects as well as the social and ethical aspects of health policies, health reforms, and moral medical practice meaningfully (Jennings and Hanson). 3 Introduction Health care is a debated topic in the current decade and the discussion over today's health care system revolves around the views that consider â€Å"health care services as commodities† (Jennings and Hanson). These debates involve discussions about how reforms can be brought about in this sector. This point of view takes care of the economic objectives of the reforms in the health care system but obscures the other portion of the purposes of providing efficient health care: the morally vital attributes of the medical profession and the health care provision. If the medical profession is viewed as health care service being a public or civic activity, it can capture the true purposes of the service. ... The price of these products and their availability are specific characteristics making them similar to other normal economic commodities. Although these characteristics are advantageous for some consumers in the US that have coverage of health insurance and also for those that manufacture medicines and medical equipment, the specificity of the characteristics places other parties, such as uninsured consumers and the government, at a disadvantageous position. Racial disparities play an important role in the status of the health care system in the US and are considered as an unrelenting and disconcerting problem for the country. Health status of the average population in a country reflects the economic health of the country, and it is a serious problem since ample policy efforts have yet not been able to rectify the situation. On the contrary, African-Americans and other ethnic and racial minorities are often reported to receive less than the desired level of care. The quality of medic al attention also differs from the care received by their white skinned counterparts (Jha). This makes the situation worse. The hypothesis made in this context is that racial disparities can be eliminated and a better health care system can be established in the States. The questions studied through this research are: what causes these disparities to exist and what steps might be taken in order to do away with the gap and reduce the disproportion in the country’s health system. The study has been carried out by collecting secondary data and making qualitative analysis of the same. Secondary resources available on online and print media such as books, journals, newspapers and online articles,

Life and Work of a Famous Greek Thinker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Life and Work of a Famous Greek Thinker - Essay Example Aristotle was appointed the tutor to Alexander in 343 B.C (Williams 44). For three years he remained tutor to Alexander until the Prince turned 16. Not much is known of the relationship between Aristotle and Alexander, yet Alexander’s terrific career stands to be an apt testimony to the practicality of Aristotle’s philosophy. Aristotle resided in Athens in 335 B.C. to 323 B.C. It was in these 12 years that Aristotle wrote most of his works. However, after the death of Alexander, Aristotle had to flee from Athens to avoid persecution at the hands of Athenian rebels (Williams 53). As per some credible records, Aristotle died in 322 B.C (Williams 16). It is said that Aristotle wrote three treatises on ethics. However, two of them are today attributed to his disciples and it is the third one that is Nicomachean Ethics that is known to be written by Aristotle (Broadie 4). The views pertaining to ethics professed by Aristotle in this treatise present a good insight into the m indset of the mature and educated men of his age. In this treatise Aristotle lays out the principles by which the well behaved citizens need to conduct themselves. Till the late 17th century, Aristotle’s treatise on ethics had a great influence on the politics and statecraft and continued to be source of inspiration for the future scholars and statesmen (Broadie 5). One other treatise by Aristotle called Politics is regarded to be the very source of varied principles that held a great sway till the culmination of the Middle Ages (Weber 396). This treatise is not only a source of apt information regarding the ways of government in non-Hellenic States, but stood to be a pivotal instrument of defense of democracy in the times of Aristotle (Weber 396). The assumptions embedded in Politics not only were strongly entrenched in the Athens under Pericles, but the Aristotelian concept of governance by cultured gentlemen had its reverberations in Renaissance Age, till it was modified b y French Revolution and industrialism (Weber 397). Though Aristotle’s genius greatly influenced many aspects of the Greek civic life and the statecraft in the following ages, it was in the sphere of Logic that it reached its zenith (Ackrill 79). Aristotle’s dominance in logic flourished right through the Middle Ages, till he was accorded a dominion in the area of metaphysics by the Christian philosophers in the 13th century (Ackrill 80). Though Aristotle strain of Logic is today quiet antiquated, still many Catholic theologians, scientists and mathematicians prefer to adhere to his system (Ackrill 84). Aristotle’s doctrine of syllogism is the most important contribution by Aristotle to the field of Logic (Ackrill 80). When considering the contribution of Aristotle to modern sciences, two of his other works that are Physics and On the Heavens do need to be mentioned (Judson 19). These works greatly influenced the world of science in the Greek times and their domi nation continued till the times of Galileo (Judson 19). Aristotle’s views regarding planets and stars though were immensely influenced by the Pagan beliefs of his times were actually well received and accepted by the medieval Christians. Aristotle’s philosophy had a significant impact on both the Islamic and Western philosophy (Ackrill 9). Aristotle not only studied and meticulously delved on almost every subject and discipline existing in his times, but in fact made a significant contribution to the existing

Importance of Solubility in Everyday First

Importance of Solubility in Everyday First For my science project Ill be researching the solubility of various substances. Solubility is an interesting subject because its very important for everyday life and I knew very little of it before I started my project. My experiment will give me insight on how the rate of solubility is affected by certain factors and if certain liquids struggle to mix together well. For this essay I needed to understand what solubility is, what affects the rate of solubility, where it can be found in nature, how its used every day, and how solubility works. The measure of solubility determines how substances dissolve into one another. The substance dissolving into the other is the solute and the substance being dissolved into is the solvent. When you mix salt into water the salt is the solute and the water is the solvent. Though the salt wont dissolve into the water immediately and if a large portion of salt is being dissolved into water, then there will be a portion of salt left over.Nevertheless, when salt and water do mix a new substance is formed that can have many practical uses. Solubility isnt limited to just liquids mixing with other liquids, however, solids and gases can also mix into liquids.A solution is created when the solutes molecules form intermolecular bonds with the solvents molecules as they merge. First the solutes molecules drift into the solvent and are surrounded by the solvents molecules, then the molecular bonds of the solute are broken so that intermolecular bonds can be made with the solvent. This process can be compared to dropping a clod of dirt into a puddle of water. There are numerous factors that affect solubility such as temperature, stirring, and the substances themselves. These factors can accelerate the rate of solubility or they can prevent certain substances from being soluble. Temperature is an important factor when it comes to experiments of solubility because the rate of solubility increases with temperature. Solutions are affected by temperature because it causes the molecules to speed up when hotter or slow down when colder and when molecules are moving around quickly they can merge into the other solvents molecules quickly and vice-versa. Solubility among gases, however, works better when the gases are colder because theyre more dense when cold. Stirring is also important when mixing substances for faster solubility because it has a similar affect on molecules that heat has. The oceans tides and waves stir the dirt and salt in the water, thus causing the substances to quickly mix together. Certain substances are composed in a way that negates them from being soluble with other substances. This can be caused by the density of a substance and whether the solutes and solvents molecules are polar. The density of a substance, such as oil, causes it to sink to the bottom of a cup of water rather than mix with the water because the molecules of oil are larger and heavier. The water simply sits on top of the oil and if more oil is added, then itll just pass through the water. Solids wont mix with other solids because their molecules are too dense, but solids can mix with liquids. Gases can mix with liquids too if the gass molecules are dense enough. The polar alignment of a substance also prevents it from merging with something of the opposite alignment unless one substance is both polar and non-polar, such as alcohol. Chemists use the phrase like dissolves like to describe this circumstance. Solutions can be found almost everywhere on the earth, from the oceans to the sky. Every ocean and every lake on Earth is a solution. This is because the water has mixed with dirt, salt, and various substances to become a new substance that, though still water, isnt healthy to drink. When rain touches the ground it mixes with dirt, rocks, and so on that it becomes a solution upon contact with the earth. Dirt and rocks are too dense to mix with each other, but when theyre small enough they can mix with various substances. Smoke can mix with clouds and create a solution of acid rain that can be very dangerous and carbon dioxide can create the unhealthy phenomenon of smog. Because gases diffuse, the earths atmosphere isnt a giant solution. Solubility has many practical applications in our lives such as purifying water, making drinks, and vitamin storage. Because every ocean in the world is a solution of water mixed with dirt, salt, and various substances the water isnt healthy to drink, so its purified by chemicals that remove the harmful products of the water. Almost everything we drink is a solution because its had chemicals added to it that make it taste better or make it safer to drink. This process is used on most of the food we eat and liquids we drink to prevent people from getting sick. Chemicals are added to eggs to prevent food poisoning from salmonella and to certain products to increase shelf life. When you stir sugar in a cup of coffee youre making a solution. The stirring and heat make the process of the sugar dissolving in the coffee faster and afterward you have a tastier cup of coffee. When you make coffee youre making a solution because the coffee beans are added to water and blended until they become a liquid. Blending drinks and making martinis are both ways of making solutions that taste better or worse than their individual components. Drinks can be carbonated for an interesting taste that is caused by mixing a liquid and a gas under pressure. Most vitamins can be categorized as fat-soluble, which means that the vitamins are stored in our bodies, and water-soluble, which means that the vitamins pass through our bodies and are excreted as urine. Because fat-soluble vitamins are stored in our bodies, they shouldnt be taken in large doses. The names fat-solubles and water-solubles refer to how they should be used by our bodies. I learned a lot from my essay about solubility, but I namely learned how often solubility occurs, its uses limitations, and that solutions are very practical. Solubility is all around us in nature and God implemented it so that we could be healthier and enjoy interesting tastes. Our world would be vastly different if there were no solubility, in fact no living creatures could exist.

Reviewing Sullivan?s Study of America?s Wine :: essays research papers fc

For many years, wine dictionaries and encyclopedias have unknowingly been misleading consumers on the history of â€Å"America’s wine,† Zinfandel. In Zinfandel, A History of a Grape and Its Wine, Charles Sullivan, an accomplished viticulture researcher, challenges the popular belief that the grape was originally brought to America by a Hungarian immigrant. Sullivan explores the history of wine to bring forth intriguing facts that prove the popular belief to be wrong. With the help of University of California’s (UC’s) Carole Meredith, a new idea is thoroughly explained describing the true ancestry of Zinfandel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For those not familiar with the wine it is important to note that Zinfandel, according to Sullivan, was the first and most successful American wine. Typically, wines from France and Italy prove to be more superior in taste than the American counterparts. However, with Zinfandel this is not the case. Unlike aged and dry wines, the young, fruity flavor of the Zinfandel makes for a more enjoyable flavor that appeals to a greater number of people’s tastes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Sullivan does an excellent job keeping the book enjoyable by providing readers with intriguing side notes. For example, here he tries to illustrate the extreme passion that the Californians had for Zinfandel. â€Å"So great was the Napa passion for this grape that one of the tiny railroad stations below St. Helena was renamed â€Å"Zinfandel.† By the 1880s Zinfandel Lane crossed the valley, and the steamer Zinfandel plied the bay waters between San Francisco and the wharves of Napa City.† (Sullivan, 2003) This passage is a perfect example of why this book was enjoyable for me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, there are times during the book where Sullivan becomes longwinded when it comes to explaining certain points. Long paragraphs embedded with, at times, insignificant graphics and charts make the book a hard and slow read. Yet, my curiosity and desire to learn helped me overcome the craving to close the book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The desire I did have to close the book may have been attributed to the amount of â€Å"wine lingo† found within the text. The excessive amount of references to other wine varieties made it extremely tiresome, as I had to repeatedly look up in dictionaries and encyclopedias the characteristics of a certain wine he was describing. I believe that a person more educated in the subject of wine would enjoy this book more than an uneducated person like me. If a reader is not familiar with wine, the book can be quite discouraging at times.